¿Quién era la Hermandad sagrada?
-The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: los Reyes Católicos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile[1] and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; they were given a papal dispensation to deal with consanguinity by Sixtus IV. The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was bestowed on them by the Pope Alexander VI. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was eighteen years old and Ferdinand a year younger. Their marriage united both crowns under the same family.
¿Cuál era la función del tribunal de la Inquisición?
-Ferdinand and Isabella had also overseen the expulsion of the Moors and the Jews from Spain. Between 1480 and 1492 hundreds of conversos (Jews or Moors that had converted to Catholicism) were arrested, imprisoned, interrogated or burned in both Castile and Aragon. According to John Edwards, the author of Ferdinand and Isabella: Profiles in Power, the Kings felt that it was "necessary to remove a genuinely mortal danger from Spanish society – that the Jews masquerading as Catholic Christians are destroying the church within."
¿Quienes eran los conversores?
-The Catholic Monarchs set out to restore royal authority in Spain. To accomplish their goal, they first created a group named the Holy Brotherhood. These men were used as a judicial police force for Spain. To replace the courts, the Catholic Monarchs created the Royal Council, and appointed chief magistrates (judges) to run the towns and cities. This establishment of royal authority is known as The Pacification of Castile, and can be seen as one of the crucial steps toward the creation of one of Europe's first strong nation-states.
¿Cómo etenxieron los monaracs su poder?
-Isabella ensured long-term political stability in Spain by arranging strategic marriages for each of her five children; political security was important for a country to be considered a great power. Her firstborn, a daughter named Isabella, married Afonso of Portugal, forging important ties between these two neighbouring countries and hopefully ensuring peace and future alliance. Juana, Isabella’s second daughter, married Philip the Handsome, the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I
¿Cuál era la politica religiosa de los monarcas?
-Their joint motto was "Tanto monta, monta tanto". The motto was created by Antonio de Nebrija and was either an allusion to the Gordian Knot: Tanto monta, monta tanto, cortar como desatar ("...cutting as untying"), or an explanation of the equality of the monarchs: Tanto monta, monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando ("..., Isabella the same as Ferdinand")
¿Hicieron los Monaracs cambios cúándo conquistaron el reino?
- I Think No.
¿Cuáles eran las leyes y instituciones que ellos introdujeron?
-Las Reformas Borbónicas fueron los cambios introducidos por los monarcas borbones de la Corona Española, Felipe V, Fernando VI y, especialmente Carlos III, durante el siglo XVIII, en materias económicas, políticas y administrativas, aplicados en el territorio peninsular y en sus posesiones ultramarinas en América y las Filipinas.
jueves, 11 de marzo de 2010
Henry VIII
¿Qué pasó en su reinado?
-Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.
¿Cuántas esposas tuvó?
-He had six Wives: Catherine Of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.
¿Quiénes eran y qué les pasó?
-They were persons, with important post in the royal positions, and he married with them, then, Henry cut the head of all.
¿Qué pasó con las relaciones del Papa?
-Religion in England changed depending on the views of the monarch and people often felt confused. They were told to change what they believed, how they worshipped God and how they decorated churches.
Many laws were passed about religion. These were passed by Kings and queens who wanted to make people follow the same religion that they did. Each new monarch made changes - one year England would be Protestant, the next year Catholic.
When the first Tudor Kings came to the throne, England was a Roman Catholic country. The head of the church was the Pope in Rome, Clement VII.
¿Cuál era el nombre de la iglesia que se estableció en Inglaterra?
-Portestants.
-Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.
¿Cuántas esposas tuvó?
-He had six Wives: Catherine Of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.
¿Quiénes eran y qué les pasó?
-They were persons, with important post in the royal positions, and he married with them, then, Henry cut the head of all.
¿Qué pasó con las relaciones del Papa?
-Religion in England changed depending on the views of the monarch and people often felt confused. They were told to change what they believed, how they worshipped God and how they decorated churches.
Many laws were passed about religion. These were passed by Kings and queens who wanted to make people follow the same religion that they did. Each new monarch made changes - one year England would be Protestant, the next year Catholic.
When the first Tudor Kings came to the throne, England was a Roman Catholic country. The head of the church was the Pope in Rome, Clement VII.
¿Cuál era el nombre de la iglesia que se estableció en Inglaterra?
-Portestants.
jueves, 4 de marzo de 2010
The Black Death
Transmisión:
Por roedores.(Las ratas negras eran las más comunes en transmitirlo)
¿De dónde vinó?
La pandemia más destructiva en la historia de Europa fue ¡a peste bubónica que asoló al Viejo Continente entre los años 1348 y 1361, ya la que se dio el nombre de “muerte negra". Continuaremos llamando así a esta epidemia, reservando el nombre de plaga para otras pestes, tales como la de Londres de 1665.
Fuerzas para parar la plaga:
Los italianos supervivientes escaparon por mar hacia Génova y, según el cronista Gabriel de Mussis, durante el viaje no hubo ningún caso. Después que el barco atracó, al primero o segundo día la plaga se desató de forma devastadora. Mussis dejó constancia de que se trató de una infección rata-pulga-hombre’, clásica de la peste bubónica. Desde Génova, la plaga se extendió en semicírculo a través de Italia, Francia, Alemania y Escandinavia, llegando a Moscú en 1352. Los historiadores calculan que la cantidad de muertos alcanzó los 24 millones alrededor de un cuarto de la población de Europa y Asia.
Cambios en la economia:
No había trabajo, y todos se hacían pobres.ç
Efecto en Europa:
La peste negra fue una devastadora pandemia que asoló Europa en el siglo XIV y que causó la muerte de un 30 a un 60% de la población del continente europeo, reduciendo la población mundial estimada desde 450 millones hasta 350 ó 375 millones en el año 1400. La mayor parte de los científicos cree que la peste negra fue un brote de peste bubónica, una terrible enfermedad que se ha extendido en forma de epidemia varias veces a lo largo de la historia. La peste es causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis que se contagia por las pulgas con la ayuda de la rata negra (Rattus rattus), que hoy conocemos como rata de campo.
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