Presentación (Parte mía)

Tabla de arte

1ª Author: Raphael
Work: colour drawing compositions
Type of work: fresco
Dcoration: colours

2º Author: Donatello
Work : Renaissance
Type of work : Sculptor
Decoration : The ideal

3º Author : Juan de Herrera
Work : Arquitecture
Type of work : Building
Decoration : Reliefs in the constructions

Tablita

Quattrocento



Cinquecento

Architecture


Characteristics


Models representated in other places



This artists colaborated in te construction of Saint Peter's Basilica




Artists and work


Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti



Bramante, Micheangelo and Maderno

Painting


Characteristics


Figures of convey



They reached the zenith




Artists and work


Masaccio and Piero della Francesca
Leonardo da Vinci, Mocheangelo Buonarroti, Raphael and Titian

Sculture


Characteristics


Capture ideal



Micheangelo was the master of the sculpture.




Artists and work


Donatello

Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the German Reformation
1. (a) Describe the event that is taking place in the source
shown on the right.
_____The Protestants_____________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

(b)Mention one immediate consequence of this event.
_____Muerte a los protestantes_____________________________________
__________________________________________

1. Explain the following terms:
(a)justification by faith: ______________________________________
(b) indulgences: __________Benevolencia, tolerancia con las faltas o facilidad para conceder gracias:_________________________________
(c) Papal bull: _____jefe del papado_______________________________________
(d) excommunicated: ______no bautizado________________________________
(e) heretic: _____________hacia cosas contra la iglesia_________________________________
(f) clerical celibacy: ________________________________________

2. Write briefly four important landmarks in the life of Martin Luther.

Excomugate, The 95 Theses, The Lutheranism and the expansion reformation.
Counter-reformation

1. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? ________Because they adopted different resolutions for stop te protestants.__________________________

______________________________________________________________________


2. Identify three conclusions reached at this Council.

(a) ____________________________________________________________________

(b) ____________________________________________________________________

(c) ____________________________________________________________________


3. Name five countries in Europe where the Counter-Reformation was successful and one country

where it was not.

(a) Successful in: __________________________________________________________
(b) Unsuccessful in: ________________________________________________________

Time Of Catholic Monarchs

¿Quién era la Hermandad sagrada?
-The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: los Reyes Católicos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile[1] and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; they were given a papal dispensation to deal with consanguinity by Sixtus IV. The title of "Catholic King and Queen" was bestowed on them by the Pope Alexander VI. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was eighteen years old and Ferdinand a year younger. Their marriage united both crowns under the same family.

¿Cuál era la función del tribunal de la Inquisición?
-Ferdinand and Isabella had also overseen the expulsion of the Moors and the Jews from Spain. Between 1480 and 1492 hundreds of conversos (Jews or Moors that had converted to Catholicism) were arrested, imprisoned, interrogated or burned in both Castile and Aragon. According to John Edwards, the author of Ferdinand and Isabella: Profiles in Power, the Kings felt that it was "necessary to remove a genuinely mortal danger from Spanish society – that the Jews masquerading as Catholic Christians are destroying the church within."

¿Quienes eran los conversores?
-The Catholic Monarchs set out to restore royal authority in Spain. To accomplish their goal, they first created a group named the Holy Brotherhood. These men were used as a judicial police force for Spain. To replace the courts, the Catholic Monarchs created the Royal Council, and appointed chief magistrates (judges) to run the towns and cities. This establishment of royal authority is known as The Pacification of Castile, and can be seen as one of the crucial steps toward the creation of one of Europe's first strong nation-states.

¿Cómo etenxieron los monaracs su poder?
-Isabella ensured long-term political stability in Spain by arranging strategic marriages for each of her five children; political security was important for a country to be considered a great power. Her firstborn, a daughter named Isabella, married Afonso of Portugal, forging important ties between these two neighbouring countries and hopefully ensuring peace and future alliance. Juana, Isabella’s second daughter, married Philip the Handsome, the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I

¿Cuál era la politica religiosa de los monarcas?
-Their joint motto was "Tanto monta, monta tanto". The motto was created by Antonio de Nebrija and was either an allusion to the Gordian Knot: Tanto monta, monta tanto, cortar como desatar ("...cutting as untying"), or an explanation of the equality of the monarchs: Tanto monta, monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando ("..., Isabella the same as Ferdinand")

¿Hicieron los Monaracs cambios cúándo conquistaron el reino?
- I Think No.

¿Cuáles eran las leyes y instituciones que ellos introdujeron?
-Las Reformas Borbónicas fueron los cambios introducidos por los monarcas borbones de la Corona Española, Felipe V, Fernando VI y, especialmente Carlos III, durante el siglo XVIII, en materias económicas, políticas y administrativas, aplicados en el territorio peninsular y en sus posesiones ultramarinas en América y las Filipinas.

Henry VIII

¿Qué pasó en su reinado?
-Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.

¿Cuántas esposas tuvó?
-He had six Wives: Catherine Of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

¿Quiénes eran y qué les pasó?
-They were persons, with important post in the royal positions, and he married with them, then, Henry cut the head of all.

¿Qué pasó con las relaciones del Papa?
-Religion in England changed depending on the views of the monarch and people often felt confused. They were told to change what they believed, how they worshipped God and how they decorated churches.

Many laws were passed about religion. These were passed by Kings and queens who wanted to make people follow the same religion that they did. Each new monarch made changes - one year England would be Protestant, the next year Catholic.

When the first Tudor Kings came to the throne, England was a Roman Catholic country. The head of the church was the Pope in Rome, Clement VII.

¿Cuál era el nombre de la iglesia que se estableció en Inglaterra?
-Portestants.

The Black Death

Transmisión:
Por roedores.(Las ratas negras eran las más comunes en transmitirlo)

¿De dónde vinó?
La pandemia más destructiva en la historia de Europa fue ¡a peste bubónica que asoló al Viejo Continente entre los años 1348 y 1361, ya la que se dio el nombre de “muerte negra". Continuaremos llamando así a esta epidemia, reservando el nombre de plaga para otras pestes, tales como la de Londres de 1665.

Fuerzas para parar la plaga:
Los italianos supervivientes escaparon por mar hacia Génova y, según el cronista Gabriel de Mussis, durante el viaje no hubo ningún caso. Después que el barco atracó, al primero o segundo día la plaga se desató de forma devastadora. Mussis dejó constancia de que se trató de una infección rata-pulga-hombre’, clásica de la peste bubónica. Desde Génova, la plaga se extendió en semicírculo a través de Italia, Francia, Alemania y Escandinavia, llegando a Moscú en 1352. Los historiadores calculan que la cantidad de muertos alcanzó los 24 millones alrededor de un cuarto de la población de Europa y Asia.

Cambios en la economia:
No había trabajo, y todos se hacían pobres.ç

Efecto en Europa:
La peste negra fue una devastadora pandemia que asoló Europa en el siglo XIV y que causó la muerte de un 30 a un 60% de la población del continente europeo, reduciendo la población mundial estimada desde 450 millones hasta 350 ó 375 millones en el año 1400. La mayor parte de los científicos cree que la peste negra fue un brote de peste bubónica, una terrible enfermedad que se ha extendido en forma de epidemia varias veces a lo largo de la historia. La peste es causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis que se contagia por las pulgas con la ayuda de la rata negra (Rattus rattus), que hoy conocemos como rata de campo.

Las mujeres del Al-Andalus

Las muejeres de esa época eran maltratadas haciendolas trabajar o para ocio del hombre propio.

Irrigación

There is a Ferris wheel, which is driven by a donkey, it is to transmit water. There is a warehouse where food is alamecna winter or summer. There are also channels where you can make moisten the dry land, so we can grow without watering by hand.It is called irrigation system or irrigation scheme, all the structures, which enables a given area can be cultivated with the application of water needed for plants. The irrigation system consists of a series of components, the main ones listed below. However, it should be noted that not necessarily the irrigation system must consist of all of them, all components will depend on whether it is surface irrigation, sprinkler or drip. For example, a reservoir is not necessary if the river or stream which has the water is sufficient flow even in low water period.Andalusian society until recent decades has been largely agrarian, which explains that the 45,74% of the Andalusian region are cropland. [68]-arable rainfed cereal and sunflower, extended over much of the territory, particularly evident in the great plains of the Guadalquivir Valley and the highlands of Granada and Almeria and its performance is considerably smaller and focused on barley and oats. Among irrigated arable crops include corn, cotton and rice, preferably situated in the plain of the Guadalquivir and Genil.The buildings have dome, are the furnaces for personal use, there are wells to draw water and housing has no roof.